IELTS Listening Practice: How to recognise distractors

Design

• Built in the earth, with two floors
• The south-facing side was constructed of two layers of 33 glass

They consulted various architects and looked at a number of designs before finally deciding on one. It was a design for a sort of underground house, and it was built into the earth itself with two storeys. The north, east and west sides were set in the earth, and only the sloping, south-facing side was exposed to light. That was made of a double layer of very strong glass.

• Photovoltaic tiles were attached
• A layer of foam was used to improve the 34 insulation of the building

There were also photovoltaic tiles fixed to the top and bottom of this sloping wall. These are tiles that are designed to store energy from the sun. And the walls had a layer of foam around them too, to increase the insulation.

Special features

• To increase the light, the building has many internal mirrors and 35 windows

Now what is of interest to us about this project is the features which make the building energy-efficient. Sunlight floods in through the glass wall, and to maximise it there are lots of mirrors and windows inside the house. That helps to spread the light around. So that’s the first thing – light is utilised as fully as possible.

• In future the house may produce more 36 energy than it needs

In addition, the special tiles on the outside convert energy from the sun and generate some of the house’s electricity. In fact, it’s possible that in future the house may even generate an electricity surplus, and that the owners will be able to sell some to the national grid.

• Recycled wood was used for the 37 floors of the house

As well as that, wherever possible, recycled materials have been used. For example, the floors are made of reclaimed wood. And the owners haven’t bought a single item of new furniture – they just kept what they already had.

• The system for processing domestic 38 waste is organic

And then there’s the system for dealing with the waste produced in the house. This is dealt with organically – it’s purified by being filtered through reed beds which have been planted for that purpose in the garden. So the occupants of the house won’t pollute the land or use any damaging chemicals.

Environmental issues

• The use of large quantities of 39 concrete in construction was environmentally harmful

It’s true that the actual construction of the house was harmful to the environment, mainly because they had to use massive amounts of concrete – one of the biggest sources of carbon dioxide in manufacturing. And as you know, this is very damaging to the environment. In total, the house construction has released 70 tons of carbon dioxide into the air. Now that’s a frightening thought.

• But the house will have paid its ‘environmental debt’ within 40. 15 years.

However, once the initial ‘debt’ has been cleared – and it’s been calculated that this will only take 15 years – the underground house won’t cost anything  environmentally I mean – because unlike ordinary houses, it is run in a way that is completely environmentally friendly.