• Skip to primary navigation
  • Skip to main content
  • Skip to primary sidebar

IELTS with Fiona

IELTS prep made easier

Members Academy
Log in

  • Home
  • Members Academy
  • Blog
  • Courses
  • Resources
    • IELTS Writing tips
      • Writing links
    • IELTS Listening
      • IELTS Listening Study Links
    • IELTS Reading
    • IELTS Speaking
      • IELTS Speaking Study Links
    • IELTS Vocabulary Links
  • Podcast
  • About me
  • What’s New
You are here: Home / IELTS Listening tips / IELTS Listening Part 4 Gapfill practice (soil and CO2)

IELTS Listening Part 4 Gapfill practice (soil and CO2)

By ieltsetc on July 31, 2018 2

28-Day Panner: Day 20 [The vocabulary you need for the IELTS Listening Test]

This is an essential IELTS vocabulary topic.

Watch the video below, or scroll down to test yourself and listen to the podcast.

Listen to the podcast for explanations:

 

Listen while you do the test:

 


Questions 31 – 40: Write ONE word only for each answer

The use of soil to reduce CO2 in the atmosphere

Rattan Lal:

  • Claims that 13% of CO2 in the atmosphere could be absorbed by agricultural soils
  • Erosion is more likely in soil that is 31________________
  • Lal found soil in Africa that was very 32 _______________
  • It was suggested that carbon from soil was entering the atmosphere

Soil and carbon:

  • Plants turn CO2 from the air into carbon-based substances such as 33 _______________
  • Some CO2 moves from the 34 __________________ of plants to microbes in the soil
  • Carbon was lost from the soil when agriculture was invented

Regenerative agriculture:

  • Uses established practices to make sure soil remains fertile and 35 __________________
  • E.g. through year-round planting and increasing the 36 ____________________________ of  plants that are grown

California study:

  • Taking place on a big 37 ____________________ farm
  • Uses compost made from waste from agriculture and 38 ___________

Australia study:

  • Aims to increase soil carbon by using 39 ___________ that are always green

Future developments may include:

  • Reducing the amount of fertilizer used in farming
  • Giving farmers 40_________________________ for carbon storage, as well as their produce.
Answers

Rattan Lal:

  • Erosion is more likely in soil that is 31 dry

Carbon-rich soil is dark, crumbly and fertile, and retains some water. But erosion can occur if soil is dry, which is a likely effect if it contains inadequate amounts of carbon.

  • Lal found soil in Africa that was very 32 hard

Lal was studying soils in Africa so devoid of organic matter that the ground had become extremely hard.

  • It was suggested that carbon from soil was entering the atmosphere

Soil and carbon:

  • Plants turn CO2 from the air into carbon-based substances such as 33 sugars

Plants absorb CO2 from the air and transform it into sugars and other carbon-based substances.

  • Some CO2 moves from the 34 roots of plants to microbes in the soil

While a proportion of these carbon products remain in the plant, some transfer from the roots to fungi and soil microbes, which store the carbon in the soil.

  • Carbon was lost from the soil when agriculture was invented

Regenerative agriculture:

  • Uses established practices to make sure soil remains fertile and  35 moist

Some growers have already started using an approach known as regenerative agriculture. This aims to boost the fertility of soil and keep it moist through established practices.

  • E.g. through year-round planting and increasing the 36 variety of  plants that are grown

These include keeping fields planted all year round, and increasing the variety of plants being grown.

California study:

  • Taking place on a big 37 cattle farm

Soil scientist Wendy Silver of the University of California is conducting a first-of-its-kind study on a large cattle farm in the state.

  • Uses compost made from waste from agriculture and 38 gardens

She and her students are testing the effects on carbon storage of the compost that is created from waste – both agricultural, including manure and cornstalks, and waste produced in gardens such as leaves branches and lawn trimmings.

Australia study:

  • Aims to increase soil carbon by using 39 grasses that are always green

In Australia, soil ecologist Christine Jones is testing another promising soil-enrichment strategy. Jones and 12 farmers are working to build up soil carbon by cultivating grasses that stay green all year round.

Future developments may include:

  • Reducing the amount of fertilizer used in farming
  • Giving farmers 40 payment for carbon storage, as well as their produce.

Rattan Lal argues that farmers should receive payment not just for the corn or beef they produce, but also for the carbon they can store in their soil.

KEY VOCAB

Check the meaning, form and pronunciation of these key words – get my agriculture mindmap as part of the 28-Day Planner:

  • to absorb – absorption
  • carbon-rich soil
  • moist – dry
  • erosion – erode
  • to grow crops
  • to breed animals
  • a pioneer
  • domesticated animals
  • to boost the fertility of the soil
  • to increase the variety of plants being grown
  • to combat climate change
  • cattle
  • compost
  • agricultural waste – manure
  • soil-enrichment
  • to fertilise – fertiliser – fertile – fertility
  • to cultivate grasses
  • to reduce the harmful effects of greenhouse gasses

Get more listening practice here.

How to listen for signals and signposts (especially in Section 3).

Do you need motivation, high-quality materials, a roadmap, feedback, guidance and an IELTS specialist teacher?

Upgrade to the Members Academy today.

Get instant access to all courses, challenges, boot camps, live classes, interactive and engaging classes, 1:1 support, and a friendly tight-knit community of like-minded learners to get you to Band 7+.

Reader Interactions

Comments

  1. Mariela says

    August 1, 2018 at 3:10 pm

    Hi Fiona, This lecture was great and I like the idea that you have the lecture itself, so we can practice before we listen to your answers and explanations.

    Reply
    • ieltsetc says

      August 1, 2018 at 4:41 pm

      HI Mariela. Thank you so much for your support – I’m glad you enjoyed it!

      Reply

Leave a Reply Cancel reply

Your email address will not be published. Required fields are marked *

This site uses Akismet to reduce spam. Learn how your comment data is processed.

Primary Sidebar

Search

Click on the image to get my free planner

Free IELTS 28-day planner

Get my free guide to the IELTS test

Categories

  • Academic Writing Task 1 (16)
  • Grammar for IELTS (24)
  • GT Writing Task 1 (13)
  • IELTS Advice (14)
  • IELTS General Training (25)
  • IELTS Listening tips (23)
  • IELTS Reading (52)
  • IELTS Speaking (8)
  • IELTS Vocabulary (26)
  • IELTS Writing Task 2 (29)
  • Facebook
  • Instagram
  • LinkedIn
  • Pinterest
  • Twitter
  • Vimeo
  • YouTube
  • About me
  • Contact me
  • IELTS Band Score Calculator
  • Blog
  • IELTS Test FAQs

Copyright © 2022 — IELTS Exam Training Courses • Privacy Policy • Disclaimer • All rights reserved

We noticed you're visiting from United Kingdom (UK). We've updated our prices to Pound sterling for your shopping convenience. Use United States (US) dollar instead. Dismiss